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On the bank of which one of the following rivers, the cities namely Chittur, Palakkad, Thiruvillamala, Pattambi, Thirunavaya, and Chamravattam are located?
Ans) B
Exp)
• The Bharathappuzha (Indian River) is also known as Nila or the Nile of Kerala. It is the second-longest river in Kerala, after the Periyar River.
• The word "Nila" indicates the culture more than just a river. Nila has groomed the culture and life of the south Malabar part of Kerala. We see the name "Peraar" indicating the same river in ancient scripts and documents.
• The Bharathappuzha is the lifeline of many cities and villages.
Ans) B
Exp)
• The Bharathappuzha (Indian River) is also known as Nila or the Nile of Kerala. It is the second-longest river in Kerala, after the Periyar River.
• The word "Nila" indicates the culture more than just a river. Nila has groomed the culture and life of the south Malabar part of Kerala. We see the name "Peraar" indicating the same river in ancient scripts and documents.
• The Bharathappuzha is the lifeline of many cities and villages.
With reference to the history of philosophical thought in India, consider the following statements about Vedanta school:
1. As per this philosophy, the salvation of the individual soul is possible only by merging it with the universal soul.
2. The Vedanta philosophy expanded by Sankara is known as Advaita Vedanta.
Which of the statements given above is /are correct?
Ans) C
Exp)
• Statement 1 is correct. The Vedanta philosophy recognizes that the highest level of truth is that the whole world and all that exists is Maya-an illusion, a dream, a mirage and a figment of the imagination. Ultimately, the whole Universe is unreal, i.e. Maya. The only reality is Brahma (the Universal soul) with which the individual soul identical. The salvation of the individual soul is possible only by merging it with Brahma.
• Statement 2 is correct. The Vedanta philosophy expanded by Sankara is known as Advaita Vedanta.
• The ancient Indian thoughts on philosophy reached its peak in the philosophy of Vedanta. Sankara’s commentaries on Upanishads, Brahmasutra and Bhagvad-Gita are important for understanding the Vedanta philosophy. Sankara held that all works teach the Ultimate Reality i.e. Brahma is one. Brahma has an infinite number of powers (sakti) and the creative power (Maya) is one of them. The power is not separate from powerful and hence there is no duality. The world as a whole and in all its parts has a purpose.
Ans) C
Exp)
• Statement 1 is correct. The Vedanta philosophy recognizes that the highest level of truth is that the whole world and all that exists is Maya-an illusion, a dream, a mirage and a figment of the imagination. Ultimately, the whole Universe is unreal, i.e. Maya. The only reality is Brahma (the Universal soul) with which the individual soul identical. The salvation of the individual soul is possible only by merging it with Brahma.
• Statement 2 is correct. The Vedanta philosophy expanded by Sankara is known as Advaita Vedanta.
• The ancient Indian thoughts on philosophy reached its peak in the philosophy of Vedanta. Sankara’s commentaries on Upanishads, Brahmasutra and Bhagvad-Gita are important for understanding the Vedanta philosophy. Sankara held that all works teach the Ultimate Reality i.e. Brahma is one. Brahma has an infinite number of powers (sakti) and the creative power (Maya) is one of them. The power is not separate from powerful and hence there is no duality. The world as a whole and in all its parts has a purpose.
Who among the following eminent personalities associated with social reform movement in India specifically cited medical opinion against child marriage?
Ans) B
Exp)
• Akshay Kumar Dutt's arguments were mainly based on the effects of religious sanctions on society. He cited medical opinion against child marriage instead of depending on the scriptures. He held very advanced ideas about marriage and family; courtship before marriage, partnership and equality as the basis of married life and divorce by both law and custom.
Ans) B
Exp)
• Akshay Kumar Dutt's arguments were mainly based on the effects of religious sanctions on society. He cited medical opinion against child marriage instead of depending on the scriptures. He held very advanced ideas about marriage and family; courtship before marriage, partnership and equality as the basis of married life and divorce by both law and custom.
Consider the following statements:
1. The government followed the policy of Laissez-faire in India.
2. The British government established big modern textile industries in the initial phase of colonization.
3. The policy of Laissez-faire made foreign markets open for Indian handicrafts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Ans) D
Exp)
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Charter Act of 1813 allowed a one-way free trade for the British citizens. On the other hand, Indian products found it more and more difficult to penetrate the European markets. The British never followed the policy of Laissez-faire in India.
• Laissez-faire is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. In the initial phase of colonization of Britishers followed import policy to capture the Indian market.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. The restrictive policy towards Indian products found it more and more difficult to penetrate the European markets. After 1820, European markets were virtually closed to Indian exports.
Ans) D
Exp)
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Charter Act of 1813 allowed a one-way free trade for the British citizens. On the other hand, Indian products found it more and more difficult to penetrate the European markets. The British never followed the policy of Laissez-faire in India.
• Laissez-faire is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. In the initial phase of colonization of Britishers followed import policy to capture the Indian market.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. The restrictive policy towards Indian products found it more and more difficult to penetrate the European markets. After 1820, European markets were virtually closed to Indian exports.
With reference to India's struggle for freedom, what was the 'Carlyle Circular'?
Ans) C
Exp)
• During the Swadeshi Movement, the British threatened to the student-picketers in the form of the withdrawal of grants, scholarships and affiliations of the institutions to which they belonged (through the infamous circular of 22 October 1905 issued by Carlyle, the Chief Secretary of the Government of Bengal, known otherwise as the "Carlyle Circular") and the actual imposition of fines and rustication orders on them resulted in the decision by a large number of students to leave these schools and colleges of "slavery".
• The boycott of schools and colleges forced the leaders of the Swadeshi movement to think in terms of running a parallel system of education in Bengal. Soon appeals were made, donations collected and distinguished persons came forward to formulate programmes for national education.
• These efforts resulted in the establishment of the Bengal Technical Institute (which was started on 25 July, 1906, and which later turned into the College of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur-the nucleus of the present-day Jadavpur University), the Bengal National College and School (which was set up on 15 August 1906 with Aurobindo Ghosh as its Principal) and several national, primary and secondary schools in the districts.
Ans) C
Exp)
• During the Swadeshi Movement, the British threatened to the student-picketers in the form of the withdrawal of grants, scholarships and affiliations of the institutions to which they belonged (through the infamous circular of 22 October 1905 issued by Carlyle, the Chief Secretary of the Government of Bengal, known otherwise as the "Carlyle Circular") and the actual imposition of fines and rustication orders on them resulted in the decision by a large number of students to leave these schools and colleges of "slavery".
• The boycott of schools and colleges forced the leaders of the Swadeshi movement to think in terms of running a parallel system of education in Bengal. Soon appeals were made, donations collected and distinguished persons came forward to formulate programmes for national education.
• These efforts resulted in the establishment of the Bengal Technical Institute (which was started on 25 July, 1906, and which later turned into the College of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur-the nucleus of the present-day Jadavpur University), the Bengal National College and School (which was set up on 15 August 1906 with Aurobindo Ghosh as its Principal) and several national, primary and secondary schools in the districts.