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Consider the following statements:
1. All natural earthquakes take place in the core of the earth and the waves travel in all directions.
2. Volcanic eruption and magnetic field are direct sources of obtaining direct information about the earth's interior.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Ans) D
Exp)
• Statement 1 is incorrect. All natural earthquakes take place in the lithosphere. The lithosphere refers to the portion of depth up to 200 km from the surface of the earth. An instrument called ‘seismograph’ records the waves reaching the surface.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Volcanic eruption forms another source of obtaining direct information. As and when the molten material (magma) is thrown onto the surface of the earth, during volcanic eruption it becomes available for laboratory analysis. On the other hand, gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity are indirect sources to get information about the Earth's interior.
Ans) D
Exp)
• Statement 1 is incorrect. All natural earthquakes take place in the lithosphere. The lithosphere refers to the portion of depth up to 200 km from the surface of the earth. An instrument called ‘seismograph’ records the waves reaching the surface.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Volcanic eruption forms another source of obtaining direct information. As and when the molten material (magma) is thrown onto the surface of the earth, during volcanic eruption it becomes available for laboratory analysis. On the other hand, gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity are indirect sources to get information about the Earth's interior.
Consider the following pairs:
(Type of Volcanoes & Description)
1. Shield Volcanoes: These are steep in form
2. Composite Volcanos: These often result in explosive eruptions
3. Caldera Volcanos: These are the most passive volcanos
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Ans) C
Exp)
• Pair 1 is incorrect. The shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth. The Hawaiian volcanoes are the most famous examples. These volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt, a type of lava that is very fluid when erupted. For this reason, these volcanoes are not steep. They become explosive if somehow water gets into the vent; otherwise, they are characterised by low-explosivity.
• Pair 2 is correct. Composite Volcanoes are characterised by eruptions of cooler and more viscous lavas than basalt. These volcanoes often result in explosive eruptions. Along with lava, large quantities of pyroclastic material and ashes find their way to the ground. This material accumulates in the vicinity of the vent openings leading to the formation of layers, and this makes the mounts appear as composite volcanoes.
• Pair 3 is incorrect. Caldera are the most explosive of the earth’s volcanoes. They are usually so explosive that when they erupt they tend to collapse on themselves rather than building any tall structure. The collapsed depressions are called calderas. Their explosiveness indicates that the magma chamber supplying the lava is not only huge but is also in close vicinity.
Ans) C
Exp)
• Pair 1 is incorrect. The shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth. The Hawaiian volcanoes are the most famous examples. These volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt, a type of lava that is very fluid when erupted. For this reason, these volcanoes are not steep. They become explosive if somehow water gets into the vent; otherwise, they are characterised by low-explosivity.
• Pair 2 is correct. Composite Volcanoes are characterised by eruptions of cooler and more viscous lavas than basalt. These volcanoes often result in explosive eruptions. Along with lava, large quantities of pyroclastic material and ashes find their way to the ground. This material accumulates in the vicinity of the vent openings leading to the formation of layers, and this makes the mounts appear as composite volcanoes.
• Pair 3 is incorrect. Caldera are the most explosive of the earth’s volcanoes. They are usually so explosive that when they erupt they tend to collapse on themselves rather than building any tall structure. The collapsed depressions are called calderas. Their explosiveness indicates that the magma chamber supplying the lava is not only huge but is also in close vicinity.
Which among the following is an example of Flood Basalt Province in India?
Ans) B
Exp)
• The Deccan Traps from India covering most of the Maharashtra plateau, are a much larger flood basalt province.
• These volcanoes outpour highly fluid lava that flows for long distances. Some parts of the world are covered by thousands of sq. km of thick basalt lava flows. There can be a series of flows with some flows attaining a thickness of more than 50 m. Individual flows may extend for hundreds of km. It is believed that initially, the trap formations covered a much larger area than the present.
Ans) B
Exp)
• The Deccan Traps from India covering most of the Maharashtra plateau, are a much larger flood basalt province.
• These volcanoes outpour highly fluid lava that flows for long distances. Some parts of the world are covered by thousands of sq. km of thick basalt lava flows. There can be a series of flows with some flows attaining a thickness of more than 50 m. Individual flows may extend for hundreds of km. It is believed that initially, the trap formations covered a much larger area than the present.
Which foreign country is closest to the Andaman Islands?
Ans) D
Exp)
• The Andaman Islands form an archipelago in the Bay of Bengal between India, to the west, and Myanmar, to the north and east.
• Most are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India, while a small number in the north of the archipelago, including the Coco Islands, belong to Myanmar.
Ans) D
Exp)
• The Andaman Islands form an archipelago in the Bay of Bengal between India, to the west, and Myanmar, to the north and east.
• Most are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India, while a small number in the north of the archipelago, including the Coco Islands, belong to Myanmar.
Why most of the natural ports are located on the Western coast of India?
Ans) C
Exp) The western coastal plains are an example of a submerged coastal plain. Because of this submergence, it is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Example: Kandla, Mazagaon, JLN Port Navha Sheva, Marmagao etc.
West Coast of India:
• The west coast strip extends from the Gulf of Cambay (Gulf of Khambhat) in the north to Cape Comorin (Kanniyakumari). Starting from north to south, it is divided into:
(i) the Konkan coast,
(ii) the Karnataka coast
(iii) the Kerala coast.
Konkan coast= Maharashtra coast and Goa coast
Malabar Coast= Kerala and Karnataka coast
• It is made up of alluvium brought down by the short streams originating from the Western Ghats.
• It is dotted with a large number of coves (a very small bay), creeks (a narrow, sheltered waterway such as an inlet in a shoreline or channel in a marsh) and a few estuaries. {Marine Landforms}
• The estuaries, of the Narmada and the Tapi, are the major ones.
• The Kerala coast (Malabar Coast) has some lakes, lagoons and backwaters, the largest being the Vembanad Lake.
Ans) C
Exp) The western coastal plains are an example of a submerged coastal plain. Because of this submergence, it is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Example: Kandla, Mazagaon, JLN Port Navha Sheva, Marmagao etc.
West Coast of India:
• The west coast strip extends from the Gulf of Cambay (Gulf of Khambhat) in the north to Cape Comorin (Kanniyakumari). Starting from north to south, it is divided into:
(i) the Konkan coast,
(ii) the Karnataka coast
(iii) the Kerala coast.
Konkan coast= Maharashtra coast and Goa coast
Malabar Coast= Kerala and Karnataka coast
• It is made up of alluvium brought down by the short streams originating from the Western Ghats.
• It is dotted with a large number of coves (a very small bay), creeks (a narrow, sheltered waterway such as an inlet in a shoreline or channel in a marsh) and a few estuaries. {Marine Landforms}
• The estuaries, of the Narmada and the Tapi, are the major ones.
• The Kerala coast (Malabar Coast) has some lakes, lagoons and backwaters, the largest being the Vembanad Lake.