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Under the Drug and Cosmetics Act, the Central Authorities are responsible for which of the following?
1. Regulation of manufacturing of drugs
2. Approval of new drugs
3. Regulating sale and distribution of drugs
4. Clinical Trials in the country
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Ans) C
Exp)
• Under the Drug and Cosmetics Act, the regulation of manufacture, sale, and distribution of Drugs is primarily the concern of the State authorities while the Central Authorities are responsible for approval of New Drugs, Clinical Trials in the country, laying down the standards for Drugs, control over the quality of imported Drugs, coordination of the activities of State Drug Control Organisations and providing expert advice with a view of bringing about the uniformity in the enforcement of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act.
• The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation(CDSCO)under Directorate General of Health Services,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,Government of India is the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) of India.
• Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, CDSCO is responsible for approval of Drugs, Conduct of Clinical Trials, laying down the standards for Drugs, control over the quality of imported Drugs in the country and coordination of the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice with a view of bring about the uniformity in the enforcement of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act.
• Further CDSCO along with state regulators, is jointly responsible for grant of licenses of certain specialized categories of critical Drugs such as blood and blood products, I. V. Fluids, Vaccine and Sera.
Ans) C
Exp)
• Under the Drug and Cosmetics Act, the regulation of manufacture, sale, and distribution of Drugs is primarily the concern of the State authorities while the Central Authorities are responsible for approval of New Drugs, Clinical Trials in the country, laying down the standards for Drugs, control over the quality of imported Drugs, coordination of the activities of State Drug Control Organisations and providing expert advice with a view of bringing about the uniformity in the enforcement of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act.
• The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation(CDSCO)under Directorate General of Health Services,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,Government of India is the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) of India.
• Under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, CDSCO is responsible for approval of Drugs, Conduct of Clinical Trials, laying down the standards for Drugs, control over the quality of imported Drugs in the country and coordination of the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice with a view of bring about the uniformity in the enforcement of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act.
• Further CDSCO along with state regulators, is jointly responsible for grant of licenses of certain specialized categories of critical Drugs such as blood and blood products, I. V. Fluids, Vaccine and Sera.
The National Health Profile (NHP) is an annual publication of which of the following?
Ans) D
Exp)
• The National Health Profile (NHP) is an annual publication of the Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (CBHI). The first release of the annual publication was in 2005.
• It covers all the major information on Demography, Socio-Economic Status, Disease Morbidity & Mortality, Healthcare Finance, Human Resources in Health and Healthcare Infrastructure. NHP is an initiative which is at par with international standards of data publications.
• The Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare released the 14th National Health Profile (NHP) 2019 on October 30, 2019.
Significance:
• The data published in the issue is important in understanding the needs and issues of the population
• It helps in understanding the goals, their strengths and weaknesses
• The NHP highlights major indicators as follows:
1. The Socio-Economic Indicators-Education, Employment, Housing, Amenities, sanitation and drinking water
2. Demographic indicator-Population and vital statistics
Ans) D
Exp)
• The National Health Profile (NHP) is an annual publication of the Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (CBHI). The first release of the annual publication was in 2005.
• It covers all the major information on Demography, Socio-Economic Status, Disease Morbidity & Mortality, Healthcare Finance, Human Resources in Health and Healthcare Infrastructure. NHP is an initiative which is at par with international standards of data publications.
• The Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare released the 14th National Health Profile (NHP) 2019 on October 30, 2019.
Significance:
• The data published in the issue is important in understanding the needs and issues of the population
• It helps in understanding the goals, their strengths and weaknesses
• The NHP highlights major indicators as follows:
1. The Socio-Economic Indicators-Education, Employment, Housing, Amenities, sanitation and drinking water
2. Demographic indicator-Population and vital statistics
Consider the following pairs:
(Recombinant DNA technology & Usage)
1. CRISPR: Targeted destruction of genes in human cells
2. Lispro: Control of blood sugar
3. Epoetin alfa: Treating Anemia
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Ans) D
Exp)
• CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a more recent development of recombinant DNA technology. This system can be used to target the destruction of genes in human cells. Activation, suppression, addition, and deletion of genes in human's cells, mice, rats, zebrafish, bacteria, fruit flies, yeast, nematodes, and crops proved the technique a promising one.
• Lispro Insulin in comparison with regular human insulin, is a well effective and fast-acting recombinant insulin.
• Epoetin alfa is a novel and well-recognized recombinant protein that can be effectively used in the curing of anemia. It is produced in cell culture using recombinant DNA technology.
Ans) D
Exp)
• CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a more recent development of recombinant DNA technology. This system can be used to target the destruction of genes in human cells. Activation, suppression, addition, and deletion of genes in human's cells, mice, rats, zebrafish, bacteria, fruit flies, yeast, nematodes, and crops proved the technique a promising one.
• Lispro Insulin in comparison with regular human insulin, is a well effective and fast-acting recombinant insulin.
• Epoetin alfa is a novel and well-recognized recombinant protein that can be effectively used in the curing of anemia. It is produced in cell culture using recombinant DNA technology.
The term 'New Arrangement to Borrow (NAB)' is sometimes seen in the news in the context of the affairs of
Ans) B
Exp)
• New Arrangement to Borrow (NAB) The New Arrangement to Borrow is the fund mobilization arrangement of the IMF to mobilise additional funds through borrowing from member countries. Under NAB, member countries and institutions can stand ready to lend to the Fund.
• Through the New Arrangements to Borrow (NAB) a number of member countries and institutions stand ready to lend additional resources to the IMF.
• The NAB constitutes the second line of defense to supplement IMF resources to forestall or cope with an impairment of the international monetary system.
• In January 2020, the IMF’s Executive Board approved a doubling of the NAB resources from the current SDR 182 billion to SDR 365 billion, for a new NAB period from 2021 to 2025. This doubling is subject to creditors’ consents and is targeted to become effective on January 1, 2021.
Where the IMF Gets Its Money
1. Quotas:
• Quotas are the IMF’s main source of financing. Each member of the IMF is assigned a quota, based broadly on its relative position in the world economy. It is reviewed The IMF regularly conducts general reviews of quotas to assess the adequacy of overall quotas and their distribution among members.
2. Multilateral Borrowing:
• New Arrangements to Borrow
3. Bilateral Borrowing Agreements:
• Besides quotas and the NAB, the IMF has entered into several rounds of bilateral borrowing agreements (BBAs) to ensure that it can meet the financing needs of its members. The current BBAs, agreed in 2016, were extended in 2019 for one further year and run through end 2020.
Ans) B
Exp)
• New Arrangement to Borrow (NAB) The New Arrangement to Borrow is the fund mobilization arrangement of the IMF to mobilise additional funds through borrowing from member countries. Under NAB, member countries and institutions can stand ready to lend to the Fund.
• Through the New Arrangements to Borrow (NAB) a number of member countries and institutions stand ready to lend additional resources to the IMF.
• The NAB constitutes the second line of defense to supplement IMF resources to forestall or cope with an impairment of the international monetary system.
• In January 2020, the IMF’s Executive Board approved a doubling of the NAB resources from the current SDR 182 billion to SDR 365 billion, for a new NAB period from 2021 to 2025. This doubling is subject to creditors’ consents and is targeted to become effective on January 1, 2021.
Where the IMF Gets Its Money
1. Quotas:
• Quotas are the IMF’s main source of financing. Each member of the IMF is assigned a quota, based broadly on its relative position in the world economy. It is reviewed The IMF regularly conducts general reviews of quotas to assess the adequacy of overall quotas and their distribution among members.
2. Multilateral Borrowing:
• New Arrangements to Borrow
3. Bilateral Borrowing Agreements:
• Besides quotas and the NAB, the IMF has entered into several rounds of bilateral borrowing agreements (BBAs) to ensure that it can meet the financing needs of its members. The current BBAs, agreed in 2016, were extended in 2019 for one further year and run through end 2020.
With reference to the Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership (GCNEP), consider the following statements:
1. It works under the aegis of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
2. It aims in capacity building, in association with the interested countries and the IAEA.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Ans) B
Exp)
Statement 1 is incorrect. The Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership (GCNEP) has been set up by the government of India. It is located at village Jasaur Kheri & Kheri Jasaur, near Bahadurgarh, District Jhajjar, Haryana, in September 2010.
GCNEP is the sixth R&D unit under the aegis of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
Statement 2 is correct. GCNEP will help in capacity building, in association with the interested countries and the IAEA, involving technology, human resource development, education & training and giving a momentum to R&D in enlisted areas. The main objectives of the centre include:
1. Development of enhanced nuclear safeguards to effectively and efficiently monitor nuclear materials and facilities.
2. Promoting the development of advanced, more proliferation resistant nuclear power reactors.
3. Training manpower in the field of Nuclear Security and Radiological Safety.
4. Educating in the field of Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems, Isotopes and Radiation Technologies, nuclear forensic.
5. Establishing accreditation facilities for radiation monitoring.
Ans) B
Exp)
Statement 1 is incorrect. The Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership (GCNEP) has been set up by the government of India. It is located at village Jasaur Kheri & Kheri Jasaur, near Bahadurgarh, District Jhajjar, Haryana, in September 2010.
GCNEP is the sixth R&D unit under the aegis of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
Statement 2 is correct. GCNEP will help in capacity building, in association with the interested countries and the IAEA, involving technology, human resource development, education & training and giving a momentum to R&D in enlisted areas. The main objectives of the centre include:
1. Development of enhanced nuclear safeguards to effectively and efficiently monitor nuclear materials and facilities.
2. Promoting the development of advanced, more proliferation resistant nuclear power reactors.
3. Training manpower in the field of Nuclear Security and Radiological Safety.
4. Educating in the field of Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems, Isotopes and Radiation Technologies, nuclear forensic.
5. Establishing accreditation facilities for radiation monitoring.