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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1 points
The ‘TEMPLATES programme’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of
Correct
Correct Answer: C Explanation:
• Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration announced that they plan to investigate how new stars are born. For this, they will take the help of a natural phenomenon called “gravitational lensing”. This programme is called TEMPLATES (Targeting Extremely Magnified Panchromatic Lensed Arcs and Their Extended Star Formation). • Gravitational lensing is a phenomenon, which occurs when a huge amount of matter, such as a massive galaxy or cluster of galaxies, creates a gravitational field that distorts and magnifies the light from objects behind it, but in the same line of sight. These large celestial objects will magnify the light from distant galaxies that are at or near the peak of star formation. Thus, in a way these objects act as natural, cosmic telescopes and are called gravitational lenses. Due to which the galaxies appear much, much brighter than they actually are, because they’ve been highly magnified up to 50 times.
Applications of Gravitational Lensing: • Study the galaxies, which are beyond the visual capacity of the most powerful space telescopes. • Observe invisible things in the Universe • Understand the star formation • Understand the past of celestial bodies
Incorrect
Correct Answer: C Explanation:
• Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration announced that they plan to investigate how new stars are born. For this, they will take the help of a natural phenomenon called “gravitational lensing”. This programme is called TEMPLATES (Targeting Extremely Magnified Panchromatic Lensed Arcs and Their Extended Star Formation). • Gravitational lensing is a phenomenon, which occurs when a huge amount of matter, such as a massive galaxy or cluster of galaxies, creates a gravitational field that distorts and magnifies the light from objects behind it, but in the same line of sight. These large celestial objects will magnify the light from distant galaxies that are at or near the peak of star formation. Thus, in a way these objects act as natural, cosmic telescopes and are called gravitational lenses. Due to which the galaxies appear much, much brighter than they actually are, because they’ve been highly magnified up to 50 times.
Applications of Gravitational Lensing: • Study the galaxies, which are beyond the visual capacity of the most powerful space telescopes. • Observe invisible things in the Universe • Understand the star formation • Understand the past of celestial bodies
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
1 points
With reference to India's Mission Shakti, consider the following statements: 1. This successful trial will firm up India's ballistic missile defences. 2. With this experiment, India became only the fourth country to do so. 3. Prior notice to airline authorities across the world is mandatory for conducting such testing. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Correct Answer: D Explanation:
An anti-satellite missile test is a technological capability to hit and destroy satellites in space through missiles launched from the ground. It was launched by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) from the Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Island launch complex near Balasore in Odisha. It struck a predetermined target: a redundant Indian satellite that was orbiting at a distance of 300 km from the Earth’s surface. Statement 1 is correct. Satellites are extremely critical infrastructure of any country these days. A large number of crucial applications are now satellite-based. These include navigation systems, communication networks, broadcasting, banking systems, stock markets, weather forecasting, disaster management, land and ocean mapping and monitoring tools, and military applications. Destroying a satellite would render these applications useless. It can cripple enemy infrastructure, and bring it down on knees, without causing any threat to human lives.
Statement 2 is correct.The first anti-satellite test (ASAT) was carried out by the US military way back in 1959. The then Soviet Union followed a year later. Thereafter, the two countries carried out a series of such tests up till the early 1980s. After that, there was a lull, broken only by the Chinese test in 2007.
Statement 3 is correct. As is mandatory for any missile test, India did issue a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) to airline authorities across the world informing them about an impending missile test. This notice does not have to specify the kind of missile being tested, only the flight path and the region affected, so that airborne systems are able to avoid it.
Incorrect
Correct Answer: D Explanation:
An anti-satellite missile test is a technological capability to hit and destroy satellites in space through missiles launched from the ground. It was launched by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) from the Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Island launch complex near Balasore in Odisha. It struck a predetermined target: a redundant Indian satellite that was orbiting at a distance of 300 km from the Earth’s surface. Statement 1 is correct. Satellites are extremely critical infrastructure of any country these days. A large number of crucial applications are now satellite-based. These include navigation systems, communication networks, broadcasting, banking systems, stock markets, weather forecasting, disaster management, land and ocean mapping and monitoring tools, and military applications. Destroying a satellite would render these applications useless. It can cripple enemy infrastructure, and bring it down on knees, without causing any threat to human lives.
Statement 2 is correct.The first anti-satellite test (ASAT) was carried out by the US military way back in 1959. The then Soviet Union followed a year later. Thereafter, the two countries carried out a series of such tests up till the early 1980s. After that, there was a lull, broken only by the Chinese test in 2007.
Statement 3 is correct. As is mandatory for any missile test, India did issue a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) to airline authorities across the world informing them about an impending missile test. This notice does not have to specify the kind of missile being tested, only the flight path and the region affected, so that airborne systems are able to avoid it.
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
1 points
Regarding Polycrack technology, consider the following statements: 1. It converts multiple feedstocks into hydrocarbon liquid fuels, gas, carbon, and water. 2. Segregation of Municipal Solid Waste is a pre-requirement for treatment. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Correct Answer: A Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. The Polycrack technology is the world’s very first patented heterogeneous catalytic process which converts multiple feedstocks into hydrocarbon liquid fuels, gas, carbon as well as water.
Based on this technology, India's first Government-owned Waste-to-Energy Plant was recently commissioned at the Mancheswar Carriage Repair Workshop in Odisha.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The pre-segregation of waste is not required for processing in the plant. The waste as collected from the source can be directly fed into the polycrack plant. Other some of the advantages of this plant are as follows: 1. The plant has a high tolerance to moisture hence drying of the waste after treatment, is not required. 2. The waste is processed in the plant and reformed within a period of 24 hours 3. The biological decomposition is not allowed as the waste is treated in the plant as it is received 4. All the constituents are converted to valuable energy, therefore, making it a zero discharge process through the plant 5. The gas generated in the process of the plant is reused in order to provide energy to the system, hence making itself reliant and self-sufficient for its energy requirements. This also brings down the operating cost of the plant. 6. The plant does not cause atmospheric emission during the process unlike the other conventional methods except for the combustion of gases which have pollutants less than the prescribed norms across the world.
Incorrect
Correct Answer: A Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. The Polycrack technology is the world’s very first patented heterogeneous catalytic process which converts multiple feedstocks into hydrocarbon liquid fuels, gas, carbon as well as water.
Based on this technology, India's first Government-owned Waste-to-Energy Plant was recently commissioned at the Mancheswar Carriage Repair Workshop in Odisha.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The pre-segregation of waste is not required for processing in the plant. The waste as collected from the source can be directly fed into the polycrack plant. Other some of the advantages of this plant are as follows: 1. The plant has a high tolerance to moisture hence drying of the waste after treatment, is not required. 2. The waste is processed in the plant and reformed within a period of 24 hours 3. The biological decomposition is not allowed as the waste is treated in the plant as it is received 4. All the constituents are converted to valuable energy, therefore, making it a zero discharge process through the plant 5. The gas generated in the process of the plant is reused in order to provide energy to the system, hence making itself reliant and self-sufficient for its energy requirements. This also brings down the operating cost of the plant. 6. The plant does not cause atmospheric emission during the process unlike the other conventional methods except for the combustion of gases which have pollutants less than the prescribed norms across the world.
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
1 points
Which of the following statements is/are correct about the Air-independent Propulsion System? 1. It can allow diesel-electric submarines to recharge their batteries without running their engines. 2. It significantly improves the stealth of a submarine. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Correct Answer: C Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct. Submarines are of two types: conventional and nuclear. Diesel-electric submarines require to come to the surface frequently to charge their batteries, their underwater endurance time is less.
• As the batteries run out of charge within 4-5 days and the sub needs recharge them. This is done by snorkeling, which exposes them to detection by enemy radars and makes them an easy target for hostile anti-submarine assets. If fitted with an Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system, the sub needs to take in oxygen only once a week. Thus, ‘Air-independent’ propulsion technology helps to make the diesel generator less dependent on surface air. • There are four types of AIP systems. They are: 1. Closed Cycle Diesel Engines 2. Closed Cycle Steam Turbines 3. Sterling Cycle Engines 4. Fuel Cells
• Fuel cells are the most advanced and preferred AIP technology today. This is because of the major advantages they offer in stealthiness and power generation. They contribute to the stealthiness of the sub as Fuel Cells have almost no moving parts, which significantly reduces the acoustic signature of the sub. • A Fuel Cell is a device which converts chemical energy into electricity. This is done using a fuel and an oxidizer. A typical fuel cell converts Hydrogen (fuel) and Oxygen (oxidizer) into electricity, with water and heat released as by-products. • Statement 2 is correct. The use of AIP on a diesel-electric submarine, greatly increases their underwater endurance, allowing them to continuously stay submerged for weeks without surfacing.
Incorrect
Correct Answer: C Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct. Submarines are of two types: conventional and nuclear. Diesel-electric submarines require to come to the surface frequently to charge their batteries, their underwater endurance time is less.
• As the batteries run out of charge within 4-5 days and the sub needs recharge them. This is done by snorkeling, which exposes them to detection by enemy radars and makes them an easy target for hostile anti-submarine assets. If fitted with an Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system, the sub needs to take in oxygen only once a week. Thus, ‘Air-independent’ propulsion technology helps to make the diesel generator less dependent on surface air. • There are four types of AIP systems. They are: 1. Closed Cycle Diesel Engines 2. Closed Cycle Steam Turbines 3. Sterling Cycle Engines 4. Fuel Cells
• Fuel cells are the most advanced and preferred AIP technology today. This is because of the major advantages they offer in stealthiness and power generation. They contribute to the stealthiness of the sub as Fuel Cells have almost no moving parts, which significantly reduces the acoustic signature of the sub. • A Fuel Cell is a device which converts chemical energy into electricity. This is done using a fuel and an oxidizer. A typical fuel cell converts Hydrogen (fuel) and Oxygen (oxidizer) into electricity, with water and heat released as by-products. • Statement 2 is correct. The use of AIP on a diesel-electric submarine, greatly increases their underwater endurance, allowing them to continuously stay submerged for weeks without surfacing.
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
1 points
Consider the following statements: 1. The ‘Project Netra’ will have the capability of providing an early warning about space debris and other hazards to Indian satellites. 2. NORAD is an initiative of the European Union. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Correct Answer: A Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. The ‘Project Netra’ stands for 'Network for space object Tracking and Analysis'. It is a project of ISRO to put up many observational facilities, connected radars, telescopes; data processing units and a control centre which will be capable of providing an early warning system in space to detect debris and other hazards to Indian satellites.
The project estimated to cost ?400 crore, when in place, will give India its own capability in space situational awareness (SSA) like the other space powers — which is used to ‘predict’ threats from debris to Indian satellites. Also, it will provide early warning against missile or space attack for the country.
Statement 2 is incorrect. NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command) is an initiative of the U.S. and Canada that shares selective debris data with many countries.
Incorrect
Correct Answer: A Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. The ‘Project Netra’ stands for 'Network for space object Tracking and Analysis'. It is a project of ISRO to put up many observational facilities, connected radars, telescopes; data processing units and a control centre which will be capable of providing an early warning system in space to detect debris and other hazards to Indian satellites.
The project estimated to cost ?400 crore, when in place, will give India its own capability in space situational awareness (SSA) like the other space powers — which is used to ‘predict’ threats from debris to Indian satellites. Also, it will provide early warning against missile or space attack for the country.
Statement 2 is incorrect. NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command) is an initiative of the U.S. and Canada that shares selective debris data with many countries.
