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With reference to the Bharatnatyam dance, consider the following statements:
1. Alarippu is the pure form of dance.
2. Padam refers to a mastery over the abhinaya expressed by the artist.
3. Thillana is the concluding stage of the dance performance.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Right Answer: B
• Statement 1 is incorrect. Alarippu is an invocatory piece of performance that includes basic dance postures and is accompanied with rhythmic syllables. It is meant to seek the blessings of God.
• Statement 2 is correct. Padam refers to a mastery over the abhinaya expressed by the artist.
• Statement 3 is correct. Thillana is the concluding stage of Bharatnatyam dance form. This performance comprises pure dance with exuberant movement and intricate rhythmic variations.
Right Answer: B
• Statement 1 is incorrect. Alarippu is an invocatory piece of performance that includes basic dance postures and is accompanied with rhythmic syllables. It is meant to seek the blessings of God.
• Statement 2 is correct. Padam refers to a mastery over the abhinaya expressed by the artist.
• Statement 3 is correct. Thillana is the concluding stage of Bharatnatyam dance form. This performance comprises pure dance with exuberant movement and intricate rhythmic variations.
Consider the following statements:
1. Mohiniattam has elements from both Bharatnatyam and Kathakali dance form.
2. Mohiniattam is dominated by the lasya aspect of dance mentioned in the Natya Shahtra.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
• Statement 1 is correct. Mohiniattam combines the grace and elegance of Bharatnatyam with the vigour of Kathakali dance form.
• Statement 2 is correct. Mohiniattam generally narrates the story of the feminine dance of Vishnu. The Lasya aspect of dance is dominant in a Mohiniattam recital. Hence, it is mainly performed by female dancers.
• Statement 1 is correct. Mohiniattam combines the grace and elegance of Bharatnatyam with the vigour of Kathakali dance form.
• Statement 2 is correct. Mohiniattam generally narrates the story of the feminine dance of Vishnu. The Lasya aspect of dance is dominant in a Mohiniattam recital. Hence, it is mainly performed by female dancers.
The First half of the medieval period was the age of growth of South Indian empires. Which of the following factors contributed to this growth?
1. Growth in trade relations with the Roman Empire.
2. The first scientific study of monsoon winds by Southern Empires.
3. The emergence of strong naval powers in South India.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Right Answer: D
• Statement 1 is incorrect. Trade relations of the South-Indian Empire grew with South-east Asian countries which contributed to their growth. However, the Roman Empire had collapsed by this time which had affected the foreign trade of India.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. According to a Greek text, the Greek navigator, Hippalus, discovered the monsoon winds and the route across the Arabian Sea to India around 45 AD. However, the first scientific study of monsoon winds was done by Arab traveller, Al-Masudi. This helped the traders in their commercial voyages which, however, contributed to the growth of south Indian empires like Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas.
• Statement 3 is correct. The emergence of Chola as strong naval powers enabled it to annex part of Sri Lanka and establish trade relations with south-east Asian countries. The Coromandel Coast and Malabar became the centres for India’s trade with south-east Asia.
Right Answer: D
• Statement 1 is incorrect. Trade relations of the South-Indian Empire grew with South-east Asian countries which contributed to their growth. However, the Roman Empire had collapsed by this time which had affected the foreign trade of India.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. According to a Greek text, the Greek navigator, Hippalus, discovered the monsoon winds and the route across the Arabian Sea to India around 45 AD. However, the first scientific study of monsoon winds was done by Arab traveller, Al-Masudi. This helped the traders in their commercial voyages which, however, contributed to the growth of south Indian empires like Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas.
• Statement 3 is correct. The emergence of Chola as strong naval powers enabled it to annex part of Sri Lanka and establish trade relations with south-east Asian countries. The Coromandel Coast and Malabar became the centres for India’s trade with south-east Asia.
With reference to the Indo-Greeks rulers in India, consider the following statements:
1. They were the first to issue punch-marked coins.
2. They promoted the Gandhara school of Art in the north-east part of India.
3. The fourth Buddhist council was held in Kashmir under the patronage of an Indo-Greek ruler.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
• Statement 1 is incorrect.Indo-Greeks for the first time issued/casted or moulded coins (not punch-marked coins) bearing the images and inscriptions. They also issued gold coins for the first time. They issued bilingual coinage with legends in Greek and kharoshti. The punch-marked coins appeared for the first time in India during the pre-Mauryan age.
• Statement 2 is correct. They promoted the Gandhara school of Art in the North-West part of India. This art was the outcome of Greek contact with India.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. The Fourth Buddhist council was held in Kashmir under the patronage of Kushana ruler ‘Kanishka’.The Indo-Greek Ruler Meander/Milinda embraced Buddhism after a historic conversation with Nagasena. This conversation is recorded in a book known as Milinda Panho.
• Statement 1 is incorrect.Indo-Greeks for the first time issued/casted or moulded coins (not punch-marked coins) bearing the images and inscriptions. They also issued gold coins for the first time. They issued bilingual coinage with legends in Greek and kharoshti. The punch-marked coins appeared for the first time in India during the pre-Mauryan age.
• Statement 2 is correct. They promoted the Gandhara school of Art in the North-West part of India. This art was the outcome of Greek contact with India.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. The Fourth Buddhist council was held in Kashmir under the patronage of Kushana ruler ‘Kanishka’.The Indo-Greek Ruler Meander/Milinda embraced Buddhism after a historic conversation with Nagasena. This conversation is recorded in a book known as Milinda Panho.
The interim government headed by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1946 was of great significance, because
1. Muslim League gave up the Direct Action Plan before joining this government.
2. This government passed the historic 'Objective Resolution'.
3. This government ordered the release of Rani Gaidinliu from Tura jail.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Right Answer: A
• Although the Muslim League boycotted the Constituent Assembly. The Congress went ahead with its plan and appointed an expert committee to draft Fundamental Rights and arrange an early session of the Assembly. The party also accepted the viceroy’s invitation to form an interim government, with Jawaharlal Nehru as prime minister. The Constituent Assembly opened on December 9, 1946 in the Constitution Hall - now the Central Hall of Parliament House at New Delhi.
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Muslim League was, however, ultimately, brought into the Interim Government by the Viceroy, and not by Jawaharlal on 26 October, 1946, even though Jinnah openly declared that they were going into the Interim Government to get a foothold to fight for Pakistan. Thus, the League was allowed to join without giving up the 'direct action’;.
• Statement 2 is correct. Jawaharlal Nehru moved the historic Objectives Resolution on 13 December 1946, after it had been in session for some days. The resolution envisaged a federal polity with the residuary powers vesting in the autonomous units and sovereignty belonging to the people. The Resolution gave to the Assembly its guiding principles and the philosophy of constitution-making.
• Statement 3 is correct. Rani Gaidinliu was a Naga spiritual and political leader who had led a revolt against British rule in India. She followed her cousin Haipou Jadonang’s path and urged the people not to pay taxes or work for the British government. As the reformist religious movement steadily turned political, the British authorities caught Haipou Jadonang and hanged him on charges of treason in 1931. Rani Gaidinliu was captured in 1932. She was later sentenced to life imprisonment. It was the Interim Government of India set up in 1946 that finally ordered her release from Tura jail.
Right Answer: A
• Although the Muslim League boycotted the Constituent Assembly. The Congress went ahead with its plan and appointed an expert committee to draft Fundamental Rights and arrange an early session of the Assembly. The party also accepted the viceroy’s invitation to form an interim government, with Jawaharlal Nehru as prime minister. The Constituent Assembly opened on December 9, 1946 in the Constitution Hall - now the Central Hall of Parliament House at New Delhi.
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Muslim League was, however, ultimately, brought into the Interim Government by the Viceroy, and not by Jawaharlal on 26 October, 1946, even though Jinnah openly declared that they were going into the Interim Government to get a foothold to fight for Pakistan. Thus, the League was allowed to join without giving up the 'direct action’;.
• Statement 2 is correct. Jawaharlal Nehru moved the historic Objectives Resolution on 13 December 1946, after it had been in session for some days. The resolution envisaged a federal polity with the residuary powers vesting in the autonomous units and sovereignty belonging to the people. The Resolution gave to the Assembly its guiding principles and the philosophy of constitution-making.
• Statement 3 is correct. Rani Gaidinliu was a Naga spiritual and political leader who had led a revolt against British rule in India. She followed her cousin Haipou Jadonang’s path and urged the people not to pay taxes or work for the British government. As the reformist religious movement steadily turned political, the British authorities caught Haipou Jadonang and hanged him on charges of treason in 1931. Rani Gaidinliu was captured in 1932. She was later sentenced to life imprisonment. It was the Interim Government of India set up in 1946 that finally ordered her release from Tura jail.